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Cleveland thermography and infrared inspections

Thermal Imaging

Used properly, a thermal imaging camera can provide valuable information during moisture assessments, mitigation work, energy audits, roof and electrical system inspections and water damage investigations. Thermal imaging cameras do not actually detect moisture and/or mold, they use sensors to pick up infrared waves and formulate images based upon those waves. The resulting images, properly interpreted can be used to assess areas of potential moisture by evaluating differences in temperature. Temperature difference caused by evaporation, radiation, thermal bridging, infiltration/exfiltration and other sources must all be carefully evaluated. In doing so, the inspector can use the information to spot suspect areas that are not visible to the naked eye. The findings are then verified using electronic, data-logging moisture detection equipment and in some cases core samples (some flat roofs). Core samples are required for verification of findings on some flat roof systems (built-up) to meet ASTM Standard C 1153 -97 Standard Practice for Location of Wet Insulation in Roofing Systems Using Infrared Imaging.

During conventional building inspections or surveys electronic moisture meters are used to assess moisture in building components. In most cases, the inspector must manually log readings and the readings are only of the area where the meter is placed (contact with surface required). This process can be time consuming and leaves the possibility for error in manually recording readings. This also makes it unlikely that hard to reach areas (high ceilings) will be surveyed. Our approach uses thermal imaging and data logging moisture detection equipment to assure that we assess all areas and that our findings are defensible. When suspect areas are found they can be visually documented using the infrared camera. Our findings are then verified using data-logging moisture detection equipment with time stamp. This assures that our findings are reproducible if needed (court, etc.).

The time saved using infrared and the larger areas covered can save time and money by providing a faster, more efficient and more reliable survey.

C.L.I. Group offers thermal imaging services for evaluation of anomalies which could indicate air leakage, energy loss, locating the potential for hidden condensation, low slope roof survey's and other applications designed to meet your requirements. In many cases defects in the building envelope, roof, foundation, etc. can not be spotted visually and thermal imaging equipment allows us to use thermal anomalies to track these defects for further investigation and verification.

It should be understood that thermal imaging equipment can, in no way detect moisture. Company's that claim to see moisture with this type of equipment simply do not understand the technology or the proper use of the technology. Thermal imaging equipment facilitates visual observation of temperature differences (anomalies) which can help technicians in locating areas which require further investigation which might include core sampling for roofs and other destructive testing depending on the suspicions of the technician. C.L.I. has extensive experience in finding and verifying moisture problems, air leakage, electrical problems and other building defects using the proper equipment for each application. Thermal imaging should not be used to verify the water content of any material because the equipment is not capable of such procedures and the rate of error may be high.

Papers:

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Technology Proves Valuable in Building Damage Surveys

 

The images on the left are from a project where radiant floor heat was in place and covered with concrete. Owner needed to locate pipes to prevent damage during nailing of carpet strips. Locating pipes is far cheaper than puncturing one while guessing.

Roof Surveys

Performing predictive maintenance on low slope roofs can be an expensive undertaking. Our infrared roof surveys can help to reduce costs by locating areas in need of repair. Repair instead of replacement can add years to the life of a low slope roof and avoid expensive replacement costs until they are cost effective.

An Infrared Roof Survey should be used:

bulletPrior to Final Acceptance and Payment for a new roofing system.
bulletBefore the warranty expires.
bulletBefore acquiring real estate. (Can be contracted as part of ASTM-2018-01 Commercial Property Condition Assessment)
bulletBefore re-roofing over an existing roof assembly.
bulletFor early detection of problems in order to minimize long term repair costs.
bulletBefore preparing your budget request for roof repairs.
bulletWhenever leaks occur.
bulletAs part of pre-purchase construction progress reports.
bulletIf reproducible documentation is required for court

The C.L.I. infrared roof  survey, visual inspection and evaluation can provide you with the necessary information and documentation to make accurate decisions regarding the repair or replacement of your roofs. Roof moisture survey’s can save money by locating suspect areas which may allow for repair rather than replacement. The can help to extend the life of existing roof system and help to achieve the maximum life cycle potential.

A roof survey may also provide valuable information when a roof of any type is suspected of leaking. The survey can help to pinpoint troubled areas in need of attention. By locating leaks sooner ensuing damages can be limited or avoided altogether.

Infrared roof survey may require special access to the building. Infrared roof surveys performed from the exterior of the building are best performed 1-3 hours after sunset. This prevents thermal radiation from the sun from interfering with the images. Basically, what occurs is the dry roof areas cool faster after sunset than do the wet areas. This allows for wet areas to be discovered using thermal imaging. These areas can then be marked for maintenance or roofing crews to evaluate the next day. Flat roof inspections work best using thermal imaging when a 20 degree difference in temperature exists between interior and exterior.

Mold and Moisture

Infrared moisture surveys can help in locating areas that have the potential for mold growth. In cases of leakage and/or flooding this can help in developing a functional and cost effective strategy for remediation. By locating the areas with the highest moisture using thermal anomalies and proper verification techniques, remediation efforts can be focused on the areas needing immediate attention and reduce the impact of mold proliferation. This could save thousands of dollars in remediation costs to insurers and building owners.

It should be understood that infrared thermography simply spots thermal differences (anomalies), it DOES NOT find or detect moisture. A thermal imaging device can aid the technician in locating potential areas which need further investigation using proper moisture detection equipment and other testing procedures. Those claiming to detect moisture and/or verify dryness or moisture using infrared thermography simply do not understand how to use the technology. An infrared device is not a moisture meter.

An Infrared Building Survey should be used:

bulletAfter any water damage event (e.g. flood, broken water lines, equipment failure, roof leaks, etc.) infrared can aid in locating priority areas which can then be properly investigated.
bulletBefore warranty expiration on new construction. (In many cases, those damp basement walls are explained away as "during construction" moisture. It pays to make sure before warranty expiration).
bulletBefore acquiring real estate suspected of having hidden moisture damage. (Don’t believe the story about the house has been vacant and closed up. Musty odors are caused by moisture).
bulletWhen basement walls are covered by finish materials and your inspector cannot give a definitive answer on moisture issues.
bulletWhen suspected plumbing leaks have occurred in slab supply and/or waste lines.
bulletWhen doors, windows, etc. are suspected of leaking.
bulletWhen performing an energy audit of the building to determine areas of infiltration and exfiltration.
bulletTo determine adequacy of insulation. Wet insulation is a poor insulator but is a great conductor of heat.
bulletInfrared inspection of the roof can determine potential for ice dams, etc. which may cause roof damage and/or leakage.

Other Uses:

bulletCavity Fill Inspection
bulletThermal Bridging
bulletUnder Floor Heating Inspection
bulletUnderground heating pipe leaks
bulletStructure detection (locating framing, bearing walls, etc. before construction/renovation begins)
bulletEnergy Audits
bulletElectrical panel inspection (thermal imaging can spot overheated conductors that are not visible to the bare eye)
bulletInfrared inspection can spot conductors under insulation in attics which is overheating. This is a common problem in older homes with knob & tube wiring which has been insulated over. It is also a potential fire hazard.
bulletLocating hidden leakage and/or dampness under resilient flooring
bulletLocating potential dew-points and the potential for condensation problems in non-accessible crawlspaces
bulletInfrared Imaging has been used with some success in locating hidden termite colonies

Thermal Bridges

bulletFraming members and structural ties (especially metal or masonry) can form thermal bridges which greatly enhance heat exchange processes between the inside and outside wall surfaces.
bullet Thermal bridges can often be detected by interior surface pattern staining (deposition of dirt, often accompanied by mold growth, occurs on the inside surface of the thermal bridge).

 

Insulation Survey

C.L.I. performs insulation surveys on building as part of an overall energy efficiency strategy. With the ever rising cost of energy, an insulation and building envelope leakage survey can save considerable money by detecting areas where air leakage is occurring, insulation is marginal, wet or missing and giving an overall view of the tightness of the construction. Insulation surveys are performed to meet our variation of ASTM C 1060-90 (Re-approved 1997). An insulation survey can also help to pinpoint areas where dew-points are occurring and areas that have the potential for fungal amplification inside of wall cavities. The problem can then be addressed before more serious damage or contamination occurs.

The two images above show an area of an exterior wall. The photos show wall framing which can act as a thermal bridge. From the same image, it can be noted that some small anomalies are present in the insulation near the upper right corner of the window. An insulation survey is also an excellent tools for tracking wet insulation. When wet, insulation becomes a conductor rather than an insulator and again, when this condition is discovered, remedial action can be implemented before the problems worsen.

Advantages of Infrared Thermography

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Fast, noninvasive, safe – minimizes need for destructive procedures

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Aids in locating suspected potential moisture and structural problems quickly which can then be investigated

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Locate heating & cooling losses with pinpoint accuracy

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Minimize disturbance of occupants and ongoing operations

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Facilitate the selection of agencies and trades for restoration

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Repair with maximum speed and assurance

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Document as-built or post-repair/restoration conditions (proper insulation, sealing, etc.)

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Protect against frivolous complaints

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Provide evidentiary basis for fair settlements

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Allows for more easily understood visual documentation of defects for trial (a picture really is worth a thousand words)

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Minimizes repair and renovation costs by pinpointing sources of problems

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Saves money by allowing for repair as opposed to replacement

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Can help to realize full life cycles in components such as low slope roofs

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Reduces building owner and manager liabilities by spotting problems in the early stages (due diligence)

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Reduces costs to building and homeowners by verifying the need for costly repairs (e.g. new windows, etc.)

Thermography Making News:

References:

  1. ASTM, (1997), C1060-90(1997)e1 Standard Practice for Thermographic Inspection of Insulation Installations in Envelope Cavities of Frame Buildings, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa.
  2. ASTM C 1153-97 (Reapproved 2003), "Standard Practice for Location of Wet Insulation in Roofing Systems Using Infrared Imaging," ASTM International. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard's Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
  3. Canadian General Standards Board; Manual for Thermographic Analysis of Building Enclosures (149-GP-2MP)
  4. ISO 6781 Thermal Insulation, qualitative detection of thermal irregularities in building envelopes, Infrared Method.
  5. Gerald C. Holst, Common Sense Approach to Thermal Imaging, 2000 Gerald C. Holst
  6. Herbert Kaplan, Practical Applications of Infrared Thermal Sensing and Imaging Equipment, 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers
  7. Xavier P. Maldague, Theory and Practice of Infrared Technology for Nondestructive Testing, 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

 

bulletC.L.I. Group, LLC uses FLIR® and FLUKE® equipment for performing infrared surveys. To learn more about FLIR® thermal imaging equipment Click Here. For FLUKE® Click Here.

 


 

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